Viability Analysis of Biomphalaria glabrata Hemocytes During Schistosoma mansoni Infection And Glyphosate-Based Herbicide Exposure
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5132/eec.2023.01.08Keywords:
Mollusks, flow cytometry, pesticide, hemolymph, morphology, helminthsAbstract
Pesticides are chemical agents that have a range of harmful effects on human health and the environment. They can cause
drastic changes in natural communities, such as macroinvertebrates, plankton and fish. Snails, including Biomphalaria
glabrata, are often present in aquatic communities and have multiple roles in limnic ecosystems. B. glabrata is an intermediate
host of several species of helminths of medical and veterinary importance, such as Schistosoma mansoni, the etiological agent
of schistosomiasis. The original Roundup® herbicide can affect snails and directly affects S. mansoni hemocytes, cells that
act in the snails’ immune defense. Here we analyzed the effect of herbicide exposure on B. glabrata hemocytes divided into
four groups: control group, infected-only group, treated-only group and infected+treated group. For this, flow cytometry and
Neubauer-chamber counting were used to determine the morphology, viability and lectin expression profiles of hemocytes.
We observed that the group infected by S. mansoni and treated with herbicide had a higher concentration of dead hemocytes
in relation to the other groups. The treated group showed similar results to the control group, suggesting that the herbicide
(Roundup™) alone does not interfere with the snails’ immune system. Regarding cellular-morphological-characterization
analysis, hyalinocytes were the cells most commonly found in all groups studied. These findings suggest that S. mansoni
infection and exposure to pesticides directly the immune system of the snails, stimulating the production of hemocytes,
especially hyalinocytes, which have a high phagocytic power to quell the infection, but with toxic effects on the snail.
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