The Occurrence Of Caffeine In Water And Sediment From Santos Bay (Sao Paulo, Brazil) And Hazard Quotient Estimation
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5132/eec.2023.01.07Keywords:
caffeine, Emerging contaminants, Marine pollution, Domestic effluentAbstract
Several studies have demonstrated the environmental impact caused by the disposal of drugs in water bodies after the release of treated and untreated effluents. Caffeine is classified as an emerging contaminant, being present in numerous pharmaceutical products, beverages, foods and cosmetics. After consumption, it is thrown into the sea through submarine sewage outfalls. The objectives of this study were: (i) to detect and quantify caffeine concentrations in marine surface waters in Santos Bay, SP; (ii) verify whether the concentrations found in Santos Bay are capable of triggering toxic effects to marine organisms as per previous studies; (iii) analyze the environmental hazard (HQ) using local concentrations of caffeine; (iv) propose caffeine as a chemical marker of effluent contamination in Santos Bay, SP. It was observed that the concentrations of caffeine found in the Santos Bay ranged from 206 ng L-1 to 1,322 ng L-1 in water and between 4.10 ng g-1 to 13.10 ng g-1in sediment, being considered high compared to others marine ecosystems. It was observed that there is a potential hazard related to chronic effects, since the HQ ranged from 26 to 132 in water and from 27.33 to 87.33 to sediment samples.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2023 Ecotoxicology and Environmental Contamination
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Copyright © 2006 ECOTOX-Brasil
Copyright notice: It is a condition for publication that manuscripts submitted to this journal have not yet been published and will not be simultaneously submitted or published elsewhere. By submitting a manuscript, the authors agree that copyright for their article is transferred to the Sociedade Brasileira de Ecotoxicologia (ECOTOX-Brasil) if and when the article is accepted for publication. The copyright covers the exclusive rights to reproduce and distribute articles, including reprints, photographic reproductions or any other reproduction of a similar nature, including translations. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without permission of the publisher.
Notice: While every effort is made by the EEC, editors and editorial board to see that no inaccurate or misleading data, opinions or statements appear in this journal, they wish to make it clear that the contents of the articles and advertisements published herein are the sole responsibility of the contributors or advertisers concerned. Accordingly, the EEC, the editorial board and editors and their respective employees, officers and agents accept no responsibility or liability whatsoever for the consequences of any inaccurate or misleading data, opinion or statement.
