Biological effects caused by the pharmaceuticals losartan and diclofenac, and their mixture on marine organisms
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5132/eec.2022.01.11Resumen
Studies show that pharmaceuticals are being taken to the oceans causing contamination and toxicity to aquatic organisms. The present study evaluated the survival rate of microcrustaceans Artemia salina and the abnormal embryo larval development rate of sea urchin Echinometra lucunter, after exposure to the drug Losartan, an antihypertensive drug, and the drug Diclofenac, a non-steroidal antiinflammatory drug (NSAID), in addition to its mixture among its compounds. Acute toxicity tests were carried out using A. salina and chronic toxicity tests were carried out using embryos of E. lucunter. Organisms were exposed to isolated pharmaceuticals at different concentrations: 1.56 mg.L-1; 3.12 mg.L-1; 6.25 mg.L-1; 12.5 mg.L-1; 25 mg.L-1; 50 mg.L-1 and 100 mg.L-1, and their mixture at concentrations: 0.78 mg.L-1; 1.56 mg.L-1; 3.12 mg.L-1; 6.25mg.L-1; 12.5 mg.L-1; 25 mg.L-1 and 50 mg.L-1. The result obtained in the acute toxicity test did not show toxicity to A. salina. Chronic toxicity test with losartan did not show toxicity to sea urchin embryos, in contrast, the isolated diclofenac showed chronic toxicity at NOEC = 6.25 mg.L-1, LOEC = 12.5 mg.L-1 and IC50 = 62.15 mg.L-1. The result obtained with embryos exposed to the mixture of losartan and diclofenac, showed chronic toxicity at NOEC= 6.25 mg.L-1 and LOEC= 12.5 mg.L-1, not being possible to show the IC50. Our results suggest that the mixture of the two studied pharmaceuticals might decrease the toxicity, since diclofenac showed higher chronic toxicity to E. lucunter embryo larval development when it was isolated than when it was mixed with losartan. However, there is a need for further ecotoxicological studies that clarify the pathways of these pharmaceuticals in non-target organisms.
Descargas
Descargas
Publicado
Cómo citar
Número
Sección
Licencia
Derechos de autor 2022 Ecotoxicology and Environmental Contamination
Esta obra está bajo una licencia internacional Creative Commons Atribución 4.0.
Copyright © 2006 ECOTOX-Brasil
Copyright notice: It is a condition for publication that manuscripts submitted to this journal have not yet been published and will not be simultaneously submitted or published elsewhere. By submitting a manuscript, the authors agree that copyright for their article is transferred to the Sociedade Brasileira de Ecotoxicologia (ECOTOX-Brasil) if and when the article is accepted for publication. The copyright covers the exclusive rights to reproduce and distribute articles, including reprints, photographic reproductions or any other reproduction of a similar nature, including translations. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without permission of the publisher.
Notice: While every effort is made by the EEC, editors and editorial board to see that no inaccurate or misleading data, opinions or statements appear in this journal, they wish to make it clear that the contents of the articles and advertisements published herein are the sole responsibility of the contributors or advertisers concerned. Accordingly, the EEC, the editorial board and editors and their respective employees, officers and agents accept no responsibility or liability whatsoever for the consequences of any inaccurate or misleading data, opinion or statement.
