Aphasia is an acquired language disorder that affects comprehension and/or production. This study expands previous systematic mappings by combining a theoretical synthesis with an experimental proof-of-concept, integrating eye tracking and TROG-2 for the empirical assessment of linguistic comprehension. The systematic mapping across eight databases (2020–2025), conducted under PRISMA guidelines, identified 28 studies distributed among five technological axes, highlighting the absence of full multimodal integration (Eye Tracking + TROG-2 + Machine Learning) in the literature. To address this gap, an exploratory analysis was conducted using a multimodal dataset collected from participants with and without aphasia performing TROG-2 tasks. Quantitative metrics derived from the recordings revealed consistent differences between groups, including longer response times (+81%) and a higher number of saccades (+67%) in aphasic participants (p≈0.05), indicating increased cognitive load and reduced visual efficiency during syntactic processing. The MannWhitney U test confirmed statistically significant intergroup differences for global measures of response time and visual search frequency. These findings empirically validate theoretical predictions of visual–linguistic interaction in aphasia and demonstrate the feasibility of combining Eye Tracking and TROG2 in Portuguese-speaking populations. The results reinforce the potential of this multimodal approach as a foundation for future machine learning models capable of identifying oculomotor biomarkers of linguistic deficits, advancing precision medicine and the development of intelligent assistive systems for language rehabilitation.