The aim of this study was to identify the factors that influence the acceptance of telemedicine, more specifically, teleconsultation, by Brazilian doctors. Through a literature review, eight key factors that influence this acceptance were identified. This work used a qualitative approach; data collection was carried out through semi-structured interviews with a sample of ten professionals, nine of them doctors of different specialties. The data were then analyzed using two different methods, supported by the software programs NVivo 11 and Iramuteq. The results suggest that factors related to the perception of value, resistance to change on the part of individuals, and regulatory factors are the most relevant for the acceptance of teleconsultations. Factors not reported in the literature, such as the prior doctor-patient relationship, the importance of performing the physical examination in person, possibilities according to medical specialties, and corporatism, were identified and defined. For future studies, analyses that consider institutional factors present in the health field, and that affect the acceptance and diffusion of telemedicine, are recommended.