With its participation management and autonomy of the associates, the cooperatives haven demonstrated significant expansion in the Brazil. This research is to explain, qualitative and evolutive, uses given secondary and has as objective study the impact of the cooperatives in the period of 1990 even 2007, being one longitudinal cut, that argues this is society through of the self management; distinctions between its and mercantile companies, its social-economic importance, amongst others. One perceived that the cooperativista essence finishes on this side losing ahead of the necessity of efficiency and, that many possess plastered structures and high administrative costs, with results of the best. With effect, the research proves through former data ex post fact, the potential of growth of these organizations, mainly, when the cooperated ones have participation accomplish in its management and operations.