The aim of this work was to analyze the research and teacher training needs shown by doctorate students. Given that one of the professional routes for these students is to become university professors, it will be necessary to develop competences for this professional environment, in the areas of teaching practice and research. Using a mixed methodology, questionnaires and semi-structured interviews were applied to doctorate students in Spain, in order to analyze: (1) training needs in teaching practice and research; (2) the need to participate in research projects; and (3) the help and support necessary during the training period (3). The main results reveal that the students developed competencies in research, with less emphasis on teaching practice. It is therefore necessary to establish an integral model of training in doctorate programs, in order to prepare and adapt the students for the transition to their future careers.