Based on a literature review, this article addresses some issues that are commonly discussed by a roster of current authors who address Marxian theory, seeking to draw some parallels with the global and the Brazilian reality of the twenty-first century in specific aspects. The text covers aspects such as: certain elements of Marx’s biography, the question of time, aspects of Socialism/ Capitalism, dictatorship of the proletariat, State, Marxism, revolution, party, the practice of science, the materialist view of history, and a look at religion. It therefore gives an overview of the broad ideas of Marx on the capitalist mode of production and its corollaries, which closely corresponds to the panorama of an insider’s view, which has managed to stay alive since the nineteenth century, due to the harsh criticism that has been targeted at the proposed theme.