This article discusses the issue of education geared for small Brazilian rural farmers, highlighting its essential role for the construction of a new entrepreneurial mentality in the rural localities. At the same time, composes a theoretical reference that aims to subsidize others researches on the subject. This article is a descriptive study based on secondary data obtained from the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics (IBGE) and from other institutions. The results showed that there are still two realities in the rural localities: one that reflects the productivity and wealth and one that portrays the poverty and unemployment. So it became necessary to implement a new model of production and support to rural localities that includes training for rural producers within a new educational paradigm, turned to entrepreneurship.