This is a bibliographic and documentary study that aims to reflect on preschool education
(four and five years) based on the concept of humanization proposed by Historical-Cultural Psychology (Vigostki, 1930; 2000; 2009; 2018; 2021; Leontiev, 2004; 2010; 2021; Elkonin, 1987). In light
of capitalist contradictions and inequalities, it is essential to examine recent educational policies for
early childhood education that emphasize the development of skills that will give students a better
chance of gaining employment. Therefore, it is understood that it is necessary to: to present a brief
history of policies for Early Childhood Education since 1980; to understand the postulate of the HCP,
especially the concept of humanization; and finally, to identify some premises for the humanization
of preschool. It was found that the concept of humanization, as proposed by HCP, leads to changes
in the way preschool teaching is organized, such that the emphasis is placed on developing human
mental capacities. To this end, play takes center stage in teaching practice, as an activity that helps
children to appropriate historically produced cultural goods.