The aim of this work is to contribute to the History of the Rural Childhood Education in Brazil. For this, we go back to the constitution of the Childhood Education until its emergence in the rural context, which was largely driven by the social movements towards the countryside, in particular, the “Movimento dos Trabalhadores Sem Terra” (landless workers’ movement) in their struggle for the right to education. Following a literature review, we conclude that Rural Childhood Education in Brazil was strongly driven by Childhood Education and by Rural Education, and by the advance of capitalism, the raising of awareness of the right to education, and the oblivion to which it was relegated by the public policies, in terms of practical implementation. It is concluded that there is also a link between Rural Education, Rural Children’s Education, and another rural proposal, as a space/place of production of life.