Analyzing the institutionalization of the school is only possible, if it is seen in a context of the changes in the world of work. This is because as the capitalist means of production was being structured, consequently it needed to use the school institution as a subterfuge for its maintenance and perpetuation. We reiterate, therefore, that the institutionalization of the public school in the 19th century did not emerge from the desire of the working class, but was, above all, a need of the bourgeoisie as the dominant class Based on this proposal, this article seeks to show, supported by the major theoreticians, the historical development of this institution, bearing in mind that these theoreticians lived in, and analyzed what was in, their respective periods, and still contribute reflections, not as absolute truths, but above all, as a tool for reflection. From this reflection we can make a comparison, revealing why schools nowadays are still hailed as the panacea of society This confirms the theory that for every crisis of capitalism, educational reforms are effected, because the school institution was, and still is, the great ally of the bourgeois state.