JUSTIÇA, RESPONSABILIZAÇÃO E RECONCILIAÇÃO: OS CASOS DAS CRIANÇAS SOLDADOS NOS CONFLITOS ARMADOS DA LIBÉRIA, SERRA LEOA E UGANDA
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.14210/rdp.v17n1.p73-105Palavras-chave:
Crianças Soldados, Justiça Restaurativa, Justiça Retributiva, Reintegração, Responsabilização CriminalResumo
Este artigo debate a questão das crianças soldados, em relação ao seu recrutamento por grupos armados, aos processos de reintegração e responsabilização pelos crimes cometidos quando membros dos grupos armados. Utiliza a pesquisa qualitativa que inclui os estudos dos casos das guerras civis da Libéria (1989-2003) e Serra Leoa (1991-2002), e da insurgência no norte de Uganda (1986-2008). Utilizamos o método de abordagem dedutivo a partir de fontes primárias e secundárias. O argumento é que, apesar da dinâmica dos recrutamentos ser semelhante, a decisão de como lidar com a responsabilização criminal das ex-crianças soldados tem relação com o tipo de conflito vivido pelo Estado e o entendimento de como deve ser a justiça no contexto da reconciliação nacional. O artigo conclui que, embora os três casos possuam semelhanças em relação ao recrutamento e uso de crianças nos conflitos, a reintegração e a responsabilização se deram de modos diferentes.
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