SEPARATION OF POWERS, INSTITUTIONAL BALANCE AND MULTILEVEL CONSTITUTIONALISM: THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THE FEDERAL SUPREME COURT AND THE INSTITUTIONS OF THE INTER-AMERICAN HUMAN RIGHTS SYSTEM

Authors

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.14210/nej.v28n3.p423-447

Keywords:

Separation of Powers, Institutional Balance, Multilevel Constitutionalism

Abstract

Contextualization:  This research is based on the hypothesis that the Brazilian Supreme Court might contribute to the development of multilevel constitutionalism in Latin America by promoting functional dialogues with the Inter-American Commission on Human Rights and the Inter-American Court of Human Rights.

Objective: The aim of this paper is to study how the Brazilian Federal Supreme Court can contribute to the development of multilevel constitutionalism in Latin America and strengthen the multilevel regional network and system for the protection of human rights.

Method: As a methodology, it carried out empirical research through the qualitative analysis of the data collected from samples and bibliographic survey.

Results: The results achieved with the research were to demonstrate the correctness of the hypothesis and to explain that it was in the old continent that the relations between government functions were shaken and needed to be revisited given the non-adaptations of both the Montesquian model and the American model to the new reality from the European Union. For the reorganization of the relations of the institutional triangle (Parliament, Council, Commission) in the European community, the Court of Justice of the European Union used the principle of institutional balance. In this context, multilevel constitutionalism translates into an approach that introduces the vertical dimension of the principle of institutional balance and the function of protecting citizens, configuring a restriction to multilevel governance.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

Author Biographies

Luiz Eduardo Camargo Outeiro Hernandes, Doutorando em Direito Constitucional pela Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo (São Paulo –SP, Brasil).

Doutorando em Direito Constitucional pela Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo (São Paulo –SP, Brasil). Pesquisador do Centro Internacional de Direitos Humanos de São Paulo. Integrante do Grupo de Estudos Avançados em Processo Coletivo da Fundação Arcadas. Procurador da República.

Flávia Piovesan, Professora da Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo (São Paulo –SP, Brasil).

Professora da Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo (São Paulo –SP, Brasil). Doutora pela Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo. Mestre Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo. Membro da Comissão Interamericana de Direitos Humanos da OEA.

References

ANTONIAZZI, Mariela Morales; BOGDANDY, Armin von; MAC-GREGOR, Eduardo Ferrer; PIOVESAN, Flavia; SOLEY, Ximena. Ius Constitutionale Commune En América Latina: A Regional Approach to Transformative Constitutionalism. Max Planck Institute for Comparative Public Law & International Law, Research Paper no. 2016-21, p. 1-21, 2016.

BACHE, Ian; FLINDERS, Matthew. “Themes and Issues in Multi-level Governance”. In: BACHE, Ian; FLINDERS, Matthew. (eds.). Multi-level Governance. Oxford University Press: Oxford, 2004. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/0199259259.001.0001

BARBER, N. W. The Principles of Constitutionalism. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2018. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198808145.003.0001

BRASIL. SUPREMO TRIBUNAL FEDERAL. Referendo na Medida Cautelar na ADPF n. 709/DF. Disponível em: <https://redir.stf.jus.br/paginadorpub/paginador.jsp?docTP=TP&docID=754033962>. Acesso em: 23 jul. 2021.

CASSESE, Sabino. Los Tribunales ante la Construcción de un Sistema Jurídico Global. Sevilla: Editorial Derecho Global, 2010.

COMISSÃO IDH. COMISSÃO INTERAMERICANA DE DIREITOS HUMANOS. Medida Cautelar n. 563-20. Membros dos Povos Indígenas Yanomami e Ye'kwana em relação ao Brasil. Disponível em: <https://www.oas.org/es/cidh/decisiones/pdf/2020/35-20MC563-20-BR-PT.pdf>. Acesso em: 23 jul. 2021.

_______. Medida Cautelar n. 679-20. Membros do Povo Indígena Munduruku em relação ao Brasil. Disponível em: <http://www.oas.org/pt/cidh/decisiones/pdf/94-20MC679-20-BR.pdf>. Acesso em: 23 jul. 2021.

CONWAY, Gerard. Recovering a Separation of Powers in the European Union. European Law Journal, v. 17, n. 3, pp. 304–322, 2011. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0386.2011.00552.x

DIPPEL, Horst. Constitucionalismo moderno. Tradução de Clara Álvarez Alonso y María Salvador Martínez. Madrid: Marcial Pons, 2009.

ELLIOT, Jonathan. The Debates in the Several State Conventions on the Adoption of the Federal Constitution. Washington: Printed for the Editor. 1836, v. I.

FERRAJOLI, Luigi. Principia iuris: teoriÌa del derecho y de la democracia. TeoriÌa de la democracia. Madrid: Editorial Trotta, 2011, v. 2.

_______. Diritti fondamentali – Um dibattito teórico, a cura di Ermanno Vitale. Roma, Bari: Laterza, 2002.

FIORAVANTI, Maurizio. Constitucionalismo: experiencias históricas y tendencias actuales. Madrid: Trotta, 2014.

GARGARELLA, Roberto. “We the People” Outside of the Constitution. The Dialogic Model of Constitutionalism and the System of Checks and Balances. En Current Legal Problems, v. 61, n. 1, p. 1-47, 2014. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/clp/cuu008

GARY, Marks. Structural policy and multilevel governance. In: CAFRUNY, Alan W.; ROSENTHAL, Glenda Goldstone (eds.). The State of the European Community: the Maastricht debates and beyond. New York: Lynne Rienner Publishers, 1993, p. 392-409.

GRABER, Mark A. A New Introduction to American Constitutionalism. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2013. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199943883.001.0001

GRIMM, Dieter. Constitutionalism: Past, Present, and Future. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2016. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198766124.001.0001

GUSTIN, Miracy Barbosa de Sousa; DIAS, Maria Tereza Fonseca. (Re)pensando a pesquisa jurídica: teoria e prática. Belo Horizonte: Del Rey, 2002.

HAMILTON, Alexander. No. 31. In: HAMILTON, Alexander; MADISON, James; JAY, JOHN. The Federalist Papers. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2008. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1057/9780230102019

HERNANDES, Luiz Eduardo Camargo O. Transconstitucionalismo e Justiça de Transição: diálogo entre cortes no caso “Gomes Lund”. Rio de Janeiro: Editora Lumen Juris, 2018.

HERNANDES, Luiz Eduardo Camargo O.; TABAK, Benjamin Miranda. Os benefícios e os custos da efetivação da justiça de transição no Brasil. Revista Brasileira de Direito, Passo Fundo, v. 14, n. 3, p. 160-185, 2018. DOI: https://doi.org/10.18256/2238-0604.2018.v14i3.2573

KURLAND, Philip B.The Rise and Fall of the "Doctrine" of Separation of Powers. Michigan Law Review, v. 85, n. 3, pp. 592-613, 1986. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2307/1288758

LOCKE, John. Segundo tratado sobre o governo civil : ensaio sobre a origem, os limites e os fins verdadeiros do governo civil. 3ª. Ed. Tradução de Magda Lopes e Marisa Lobo da Costa. Petrópolis: Vozes, 2001.

MADISON, James. No. 51. In: HAMILTON, Alexander; MADISON, James; JAY, JOHN. The Federalist Papers. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2008.

MANNING, John F. Separation of Powers as Ordinary Interpretation. Harvard Law Review, v. 124, pp. 1939-2040, 2011.

MCILWAIN, Charles Howard. Constitutionalism: Ancient and Modern. Revised Edition. Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 1947.

MELLO, Leonel Itaussu Almeida. John Locke e o individualismo liberal. In: WEFFORT, Francisco C. (Coord.). Os clássicos da política. São Paulo: Ática, 2006, v. 1.

MENDES, Conrado Hübner. Direitos fundamentais, separação de poderes e deliberação. 224f. 2008. Tese (Doutorado) – Faculdade de Filosofia, Letras e Ciências Humanas da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, 2008, p. 175.

MILLER, Geoffrey P. Rights and Structure In Constitutional Theory. Social Philosophy and Policy. v. 8, n. 2, pp. 196-223, 1991. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/S0265052500001199

MONTESQUIEU, Charles-Louis de Secondat, Barão de La Brède e de. Do espírito das leis. Tradução de Fernando Henrique Cardoso e Leôncio Martins Rodrigues. São Paulo: Abril Cultural, 1979.

PERNICE, Ingolf. The Treaty of Lisbon: Multilevel Constitutionalism in Action. The Columbia Journal of European Law, v. 15, n. 30, p. 350-407, 2009.

_______. Multilevel Constitucionalism and the Treaty of Amsterdam: European Constitution-Making Revisited?. Common Market Law Review, n. 36, p. 703-750, 1999. DOI: https://doi.org/10.54648/233680

PETERSMANN, Ernst-Ulrich. 'Constitutional Constructivism' for a Common Law of Humanity? Multilevel Constitutionalism as a 'Gentle Civiliser of Nations. Max Planck Institute for Comparative Public Law & International Law (MPIL), Research Paper n. 2017-24, pp. 1-25, 2017. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3054442

PIOVESAN, Flávia. Ius constitutionale communelatino-americano em Direitos Humanos e o Sistema Interamericano: perspectivas e desafios. Revista Direito e Práxis, v. 8, n. 2, p. 1356-1388, 2017. DOI: https://doi.org/10.12957/dep.2017.28029

_______. Sistema Interamericano de Direitos Humanos: impacto transformador, diálogos jurisdicionais e os desafios da reforma. Revista de Estudos Constitucionais, Hermenêutica e Teoria do Direito, v. 6, n. 2, p. 142-15, 2014. DOI: https://doi.org/10.4013/rechtd.2014.62.03

_______. Direitos humanos e diálogo entre jurisdições. Revista Brasileira de Direito Constitucional – RBDC, São Paulo, n.19, p. 67-93, 2012, p. 71.

PUSHAW JR., Robert J. Justiciability and Separation of Powers: A NeoFederalist Approach. Cornell Law Review, v. 81, n. 2, pp. 393-512, 1996.

REDISH, Martin H.; CISAR, Elizabeth J. "If Angels Were to Govern": The Need for Pragmatic Formalism in Separation of Powers Theory. Duke Law Journal, v. 41, n. 3, pp. 449-506, 1991. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2307/1372845

SHARP, Malcolm P. The Classical American Doctrine of "The Separation of Powers". The University of Chicago Law Review, v. 2, n. 3, pp. 385-436, 1935. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2307/1596321

SIKKINK, Kathryn; WALLING, Carrie Booth. The Impact of Human Rights Trials in Latin America. Journal of Peace Research, v. 44, n. 4, p. 427-445, jul. 2007. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/0022343307078953

SIKKINK, Kathryn. The Justice Cascade: How Human Rights Prosecutions Are Changing World Politics. New York: W. W. Norton & Company, 2011.

TAVARES, André Ramos; HERANI, Renato Gugliano. Direito Processual Constitucional: como técnica e como poder. In: TAVARES, André Ramos; GAMA, Marina Faraco Lacerda (Orgs.). Um código de processo constitucional para o Brasil. Belo Horizonte: Arraes Editores, 2021.

TJUE. TRIBUNAL DE JUSTIÇA DA UNIÃO EUROPEIA. Case C-361/91. European Parliament v Council of the European Union. Julgado em 02 mar. 1994. Disponível em: <https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/PDF/?uri=CELEX:61991CJ0316&from=EN>. Acesso em: 23 jul. 2021.

_______. Case C-282/90, Vreugdenhil BV v. Commission. Julgado em 13 mar. 1992. Disponível em: <https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:61990CJ0282&from=en>. Acesso em: 23 jul. 2021.

_______. Case C-70/88. European Parliament v Council of the European Communities. Julgado em 22 mai. 1990. Disponível em: <https://eur-lex.europa.eu/resource.html?uri=cellar:5e7e556a-317b-4dd4-a87f-49a3a6c6c380.0002.06/DOC_2&format=PDF>. Acesso em: 23 jul. 2021.

VILA, Marisa Iglesias. ¿Conduce el constitucionalismo dialógico a cuestionar el fallo de la Corte Interamericana de Derechos Humanos en el caso Gelman? Revista Derecho del Estado, n. 49, p. 91-110, 2021. DOI: https://doi.org/10.18601/01229893.n49.06

VILE, M.J.C. Constitutionalism and the separation of powers. 2a. Ed. Indianapolis: Liberty Fund, 1998.

WALDRON, Jeremy. Separation of Powers in Thought and Practice. Boston College Law Review, v. 54, n. 2, p. 433-468, 2013.

Published

2023-12-20

How to Cite

HERNANDES, L. E. C. O.; PIOVESAN, F. SEPARATION OF POWERS, INSTITUTIONAL BALANCE AND MULTILEVEL CONSTITUTIONALISM: THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THE FEDERAL SUPREME COURT AND THE INSTITUTIONS OF THE INTER-AMERICAN HUMAN RIGHTS SYSTEM. Journal of Law Studies, Itajaí­ (SC), v. 28, n. 3, p. 423–447, 2023. DOI: 10.14210/nej.v28n3.p423-447. Disponível em: https://periodicos.univali.br/index.php/nej/article/view/17799. Acesso em: 19 dec. 2024.

Issue

Section

Artigos