“NEM TUDO O QUE RELUZ": UMA COMPARAÇÃO DAS LEIS DE MINERAÇÃO DE OURO EM PROPRIEDADES PRIVADAS NO BRASIL E NO CANADÁ

Claudio Klaus Jr.

doi:10.14210/rdp.v20n3.p483-497

Autores/as

Claudio Klaus Jr. University of Toronto https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3298-7818

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.14210/rdp.v20n3.p483-497

Palabras clave:

Derecho de la minería de oro, Propiedad privada, Derechos mineros, Derechos territoriales indígenas, Derecho comparado

Resumen

Contextualización: El estudio compara las leyes de minería de oro en propiedad privada en Brasil y Canadá. Su relevancia radica en cómo la historia, la tradición legal (Derecho Civil vs. Common Law) y la estructura de gobierno (centralizada vs. descentralizada) influyen en la regulación mineral y los derechos indígenas en cada nación.

Objetivos: El objetivo principal es comparar los marcos legales de la minería de oro en propiedad privada en Brasil y Canadá. La investigación se centra en las diferencias cruciales en el control y la propiedad de los recursos minerales y la protección de los territorios indígenas. El estudio busca comprender cómo estos sistemas equilibran los derechos de propiedad privada, la soberanía indígena y el desarrollo sostenible.

Método: Se utilizó el método de derecho comparado para contrastar las estructuras legales y los factores históricos que dieron forma a las regulaciones mineras. El análisis comparó las leyes, considerando variables como factores económicos y culturales, y las implicaciones del federalismo en la división de jurisdicción.

Resultados: Ambos países tratan los minerales como activos públicos. Brasil adopta un sistema centralizado (Control Federal) con estrictas protecciones constitucionales para las tierras indígenas, pero adolece de una aplicación débil. Canadá tiene un sistema descentralizado (Control Provincial) que legalmente requiere consulta con las comunidades indígenas (deber de consultar) y ofrece regulaciones adaptadas regionalmente. El sistema brasileño es uniforme, pero el canadiense es legalmente complejo y regionalizado.

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Biografía del autor/a

Claudio Klaus Jr., University of Toronto

Estudante do Global Professional Master of Laws (GPLLM) na the University of Toronto Faculty of Law (Canadá). Mestre em Desenvolvimento e Sociedade (2023). Bacharel em Direito (2023).

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