“ALL THAT GLITTERS” A COMPARISON OF GOLD MINING LAWS ON PRIVATE PROPERTY IN BRAZIL AND CANADA
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.14210/rdp.v20n3.p483-497Keywords:
Gold mining law, Private property, Mineral rights, Indigenous land rights, Comparative lawAbstract
Contextualization: The study compares gold mining laws on private property in Brazil and Canada. Its relevance lies in how history, legal tradition (Civil Law vs. Common Law), and governance structure (centralized vs. decentralized) influence mineral regulation and Indigenous rights in each nation
Objectives: The main objective is to compare the legal frameworks for gold mining on private property in Brazil and Canada. The research focuses on crucial differences in the control and ownership of mineral resources and the protection of Indigenous territories. The study seeks to understand how these systems balance private property rights, Indigenous sovereignty, and sustainable development.
Method: The comparative law method was used to contrast the legal structures and historical factors that shaped mining regulations. The analysis compared the laws, considering variables such as economic and cultural factors, and the implications of federalism in dividing jurisdiction.
Results: Both countries treat minerals as public assets. Brazil adopts a centralized system (Federal Control) with strict constitutional protections for Indigenous lands, but suffers from weak enforcement. Canada has a decentralized system (Provincial Control) that legally requires consultation with Indigenous communities (duty to consult) and offers regionally tailored regulations. The Brazilian system is uniform, but the Canadian one is legally complex and regionalized.
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