DEEPFAKES E PROVA DIGITAL NA VIOLÊNCIA DOMÉSTICA: OS RISCOS DA INTELIGÊNCIA ARTIFICIAL

Pedro Miguel Freitas; Ana Guerreiro

doi:10.14210/nej.v30n3.p398-419

Authors

Pedro Miguel Freitas Universidade Católica Portuguesa
Ana Guerreiro University of Maia (UMaia)

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.14210/nej.v30n3.p398-419

Keywords:

Audiovisual evidence, evidentiary assessment, deepfakes, authenticity, artificial intelligence

Abstract

Contextualization: Recent advances in generative artificial intelligence have introduced new challenges to the criminal justice system, particularly within the realm of digital evidence. Notable among the most problematic applications are deepfakes, which are liable to mislead regarding their authenticity, especially in contexts of significant evidentiary fragility, such as domestic violence crimes.

Objectives: The general objective of this study is to understand the perceptions, experiences, and practices of magistrates regarding the admissibility and assessment of digital evidence, with a special focus on audiovisual evidence and the risks associated with its potential manipulation by generative artificial intelligence technologies.

Methods: A qualitative approach was adopted, utilizing semi-structured interviews with eight magistrates possessing professional experience in domestic violence proceedings.

Results: Limitations were observed regarding the detection of audiovisual elements generated or manipulated by artificial intelligence. These types of elements (deepfakes) garnered more credibility than authentic elements. Nevertheless, although audiovisual evidence is considered relevant, the victim's testimony continues to be regarded as the "queen of proofs".

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Author Biographies

Pedro Miguel Freitas, Universidade Católica Portuguesa

Investigador do Católica Research Centre for the Future of Law (CEID) - Portugal. Doutor pela Escola de Direito da Universidade do Minho - Portugal. Mestre pela Escola de Direito da Universidade do Minho - Portugal. ORCID: 0000-0003-4516-0588.

Ana Guerreiro, University of Maia (UMaia)

PhD in Criminology from the Faculty of Law, University of Porto. Assistant Professor at the University of Maia and Invited Assistant Professor at the Faculty of Law, School of Criminology, University of Porto (Portugal). Researcher at both the Interdisciplinary Centre for Gender Studies, Institute of Social and Political Sciences, University of Lisbon (CIEG-ISCSP, UL), and the CIJ – Centre for Interdisciplinary Research on Justice, University of Porto (Portugal). ORCID: 0000-0003-2312-6266.

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