DEEPFAKES E PROVA DIGITAL NA VIOLÊNCIA DOMÉSTICA: OS RISCOS DA INTELIGÊNCIA ARTIFICIAL

Pedro Miguel Freitas; Ana Guerreiro

doi:10.14210/nej.v30n3.p398-419

Autores/as

Pedro Miguel Freitas Universidade Católica Portuguesa
Ana Guerreiro University of Maia (UMaia)

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.14210/nej.v30n3.p398-419

Palabras clave:

Prueba audiovisual, valoración de la prueba, deepfakes, autenticidad, inteligencia artificial

Resumen

Contextualización: Los avances recientes de la inteligencia artificial generativa han introducido nuevos desafíos al sistema de justicia penal, particularmente en el ámbito de la prueba digital. Entre las aplicaciones más problemáticas destacan los deepfakes, susceptibles de inducir a error en cuanto a su autenticidad, especialmente en contextos de mayor fragilidad probatoria, como los delitos de violencia doméstica.

Objetivos: El presente estudio tiene como objetivo general comprender las percepciones, experiencias y prácticas de los magistrados en relación con la admisibilidad y valoración de la prueba digital, con especial enfoque en los medios de prueba audiovisual y en los riesgos asociados a su eventual manipulación por tecnologías de inteligencia artificial generativa.

Método: Se adoptó un enfoque cualitativo, recurriendo a la realización de entrevistas semiestructuradas a ocho magistrados con experiencia profesional en procesos de violencia doméstica

Resultados: Se observaron limitaciones en la detección de elementos audiovisuales generados o manipulados por inteligencia artificial. La autenticidad de este tipo de elementos (deepfakes) ha granjeado más credibilidad que los elementos auténticos. De todos modos, aunque la prueba audiovisual se considera relevante, el testimonio de la víctima sigue considerándose la «prueba reina».

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Biografía del autor/a

Pedro Miguel Freitas, Universidade Católica Portuguesa

Investigador do Católica Research Centre for the Future of Law (CEID) - Portugal. Doutor pela Escola de Direito da Universidade do Minho - Portugal. Mestre pela Escola de Direito da Universidade do Minho - Portugal. ORCID: 0000-0003-4516-0588.

Ana Guerreiro, University of Maia (UMaia)

PhD in Criminology from the Faculty of Law, University of Porto. Assistant Professor at the University of Maia and Invited Assistant Professor at the Faculty of Law, School of Criminology, University of Porto (Portugal). Researcher at both the Interdisciplinary Centre for Gender Studies, Institute of Social and Political Sciences, University of Lisbon (CIEG-ISCSP, UL), and the CIJ – Centre for Interdisciplinary Research on Justice, University of Porto (Portugal). ORCID: 0000-0003-2312-6266.

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